Refrigeration systems in commercial facilities, such as supermarkets and grocery stores refrigerated display cases and cooler/freezer rooms, can account for up to 50% of these facilities' total electricity consumption. In California, most refrigeration systems rely on HydroFluoroCarbon (HFCs),...

Background This project addresses the process dehumidification and cooling loads that account for approximately 40% energy consumption in indoor farms with energy efficient lighting. Indoors farms are defined as enclosed and insulated facilities where the lighting and environment are completely...

Temperature maintenance losses often account for around 30% of total thermal loads in centralized domestic hot water systems in multifamily buildings (but can be as high as 60%). Correction of these omnipresent recirculation inefficiencies in high-rise multifamily buildings has direct implications...

Heat pump space conditioning and water heating can greatly reduce energy consumption compared to existing electric resistance or natural gas combustion options. Requirements for electrical service upgrades add cost and installation delays for customers considering retrofit heat pumps. Anywhere from...

Current California Public Utilities Commission CPUC regulations limit the use of Normalized Metered Energy Consumption (NMEC) as a savings platform to three use cases: commercial buildings, industrial sites enrolled in a Strategic Energy Management (SEM) program, and industrial sites with...

The project team proposes to conduct a field demonstration project that will seek to install intelligent power management technologies (IPMTs) (e.g., smart electrical panels, smart circuit breakers/relays) in manufactured housing with limitations in both customer-side and utility-side electric...

High humidity poses a significant challenge in modern fully enclosed greenhouses and state-of-the-art vertical farming setups, fostering the growth of fungal diseases such as botrytis and impeding the plant transpiration process causing adverse impacts on plant health and growth. One study...

Water heating accounts for 40 percent of natural gas consumption in the residential sector, representing 7 percent of the state’s total GHG emissions (E3 2019). Water heating energy use in multifamily buildings with 5 or more units accounts for 32 percent of total energy use based on a 2015...

Standard designs for large commercial buildings rely on separate gas-fired hydronic heating and chilled water loops. This technology has slowly been refined with incremental energy efficiency improvements over several decades. The HVAC industry has not yet had enough time to establish how to serve...

Air-to-water heat pumps (AWHPS) have been gaining traction worldwide in countries where hydronic heating is the predominant HVAC option., With the United States increasing national focus on decarbonization of the building sector, the AWHPs market still trails behind other more popular HVAC options....