This research was performed to help those involved with the development and implementation of California’s Title 24, Part 6, Building Energy Efficiency Standards (“Title 24”), better understand the real-world performance of dedicated outdoor air systems (DOAS) and variable refrigerant flow (VRF)...

PG&E’s Demand Response Emerging Technology (DRET) Program initiated a residential Battery Study to investigate the potential to utilize residential photovoltaic solar systems paired with a home battery system to support state electric grid reliability. PG&E designed the study to learn...

This project involves a market characterization study for Industrial Heat Pumps. Industrial Heat pumps are heat pumps that are used in large-scale industrial processes. Standard heat pumps are generally used for residential and small-scale commercial applications. Industrial heat pumps, on the...

This project will analyze the current CA eTRM measure packages for residential Heat Pump Water Heaters (HPWH) based on market and product data to identify gaps and recommend enhancements to the measure offerings. The final report will be delivered to the California Technical Forum and other eTRM...

Several past studies tested air-leakage rates in multifamily buildings and dwelling unit compartmentalization rates, but most of these studies were performed in colder climate states and are not directly transferable to California. Therefore, there is a general lack of California specific...

Abstract: In 2021 PG&E’s Code Readiness Program research team (Research Team) initiated an evaluation and data collection of nonresidential hydronic heat pump (HP) heating equipment across California. The intent of the data collection effort was to better understand how hydronic HPs perform...

The current California Building Standards Code, Title 24, does not include minimum ventilation requirements for residential heat pump water heaters (HPWH). Building owners across California are installing HPWHs in small closets without adequate ventilation, leading to high...

Heat pumps provide significant energy savings and a path for electrification, but they typically use refrigerants with a high global warming potential (GWP), which can degrade the greenhouse gas reductions from energy savings. The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has regulations that will...

Heat Pump space conditioning systems (HP) are a key tool in meeting the state’s GHG goals, however, recent data from field M&V studies has shown significant energy penalty from the incorrect operation of crankcase heaters (CCH), defrost controls and standby power usage – up to 50% of the annual...

The Palm Springs Case Study is one of eight buildings evaluated under a Code Readiness field monitoring research effort to better understand real-world performance of dedicated outdoor air systems (DOAS) in California. The Palm Springs site was renovated in 2021 with a fully decoupled HVAC system...