Market Characterization of Ultra-Low GWP Space Conditioning Heat Pumps for Commercial Buildings

This project provides a market characterization of low global warming potential (GWP) and ultra-low GWP space-conditioning heat pumps in commercial buildings. Heat pumps provide significant energy savings and a path for electrification, but they typically use refrigerants with a high GWP, which can degrade the greenhouse gas reductions from energy savings.   The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has regulations requiring refrigerants in new nonresidential stationary air conditioners to be